Ambrotose

Functional

• Aloe vera extract (inner leaf gel powder)

   Aloe vera extract inner leaf gel powder includes Manapol^®, a polysaccharide found in aloe vera gel. A unique ingredient exclusive to Mannatech, Incorporated, Manapol is extracted from fresh, washed and filtered gel by a specialized extraction method that yields insoluble fibers and stabilized, high molecular weight (MW) soluble fibers rich in long-chain mannose sugars—beta-(1-4)-acetylated polymannans. Many attribute the benefits of topically and orally-applied aloe vera gel to its polymannan content. The MW of over 20% of Manapol is >800,000. It also contains the monosaccharide sugars glucuronic acid, glucose, galacturonic acid, xylose, galactose, glucosamine, fucose, rhamnose and arabinose, and small amounts of protein, calcium, potassium and sulfate 1,2,3.

• Arabinogalactan (from Larix spp. wood)

  Arabinogalactans are a class of long, densely branched high-molecular weight polysaccharides extracted for commercial uses from the bark of the Eastern and Western Larch trees, Larix larcinia and Larix occidentalis.Their monosaccharide constituents include galactose, arabinose, glucose and mannose 1. Larch arabinogalactans are considered a good source of prebiotic soluble dietary fiber 2,3. Small amounts of arabinogalactans can be found in some food plants, including corn, carrots, tomatoes, pears, wheat and red wine 4.

  A human double-blind, placebo-controlled trial indicates that intake of 1.5 grams of a larch arabinogalactan can enhance the antigenic response to a bacterial (tetanus) and viral (flu) challenges in healthy subjects 5. Both Ambrotose powders provide > 1.5 grams of this larch arabinogalactan/day.  Two human double-blind, placebo-controlled trials indicated that higher doses of  this arabinogalactan (4.5 grams) can enhance the response to a bacterial (pneumococcal) challenge 6,7.

  Larch arabinogalactans are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) (21CFR172.610).

• Ghatti gum

  Ghatti gum, a mixture of complex polysaccharides, comes from the bark of Anogeissus latifolia, a large tree native to India and Sri Lanka. Monosaccharide constituents include arabinose, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucuronic acid. Ghatti gum is used in supplements, foods, drugs and cosmetics. It contains as much as 80% soluble dietary fiber 1.

  Most gums are believed to be largely degraded in the colon 2. Test tube studies have demonstrated the fermentation of ghatti gum by the beneficial human bacteria species Bifidobacterium 3,4. Ghatti gum is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is permitted for use as a food (21CFR184.1333).

• Glucosamine HCl (vegetarian)

  Glucosamine HCl is a salt of the amino monosaccharide, glucosamine. Glucosamine is naturally found in human cartilage and in some fungi and algae 1, 2. Commercially produced glucosamine is made from shellfish or grains such as corn or wheat. Supplemental glucosamine has been used for the past 25 years in Europe 3. In the U.S., it has gained popularity as a dietary supplement.
  The amount of absorption of orally administered glucosamine through the intestines is somewhat unclear. The fraction not absorbed and incorporated into cartilage is excreted, mainly in urine 2. Glucosamine that is not absorbed through the intestine may be utilized by colonic bacteria 4, 5. There appears to be minimal concern for side effects indicated with glucosamine supplementation. Clinical studies have consistently reported that glucosamine appears safe 6.

• Gum tragacanth comes from the stems and branches of the flowering plant Astragalus gummifer. The raw gum is made up of a mixture of two polysaccharides. Monosaccharide constituents include galactose, arabinose, xylose, fucose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid 1. Gum tragacanth has been approved for use in pharmaceuticals in the U.S. since 1820 and in foods since 1925 2. Most gums are believed to be largely degraded in the colon 3. Test tube studies have demonstrated that gum tragacanth can be digested by a number of bacteria that inhabit the human colon, including the beneficial Bifidobacteria species 4,5. Gum tragacanth is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is commonly added to foods (21CFR184.1351).

• Vitamin A (as beta-carotene from Blakeslea trispora fungus)

  Vitamin A, also called retinol, is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for humans. Adequate intake is important for normal vision and immune function. Dietary vitamin A can be provided as both preformed vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids that are precursors to vitamin A. Preformed vitamin A is abundant in animal-derived foods like liver, kidney, eggs, and dairy products. Carotenoids, like beta-carotene, are found in darkly colored fruits and vegetables. Preformed vitamin A is efficiently absorbed through the intestines, while carotenoids may either be absorbed through the intestines intact or cleaved to form vitamin A prior to absorption. The proportion of beta-carotene converted to vitamin A decreases as beta-carotene intake increases, limiting the risk of vitamin A toxicity 1.

  Beta-carotene, also called provitamin A, is a member of a group of plant-produced compounds called carotenoids, which serve as precursors to vitamin A. Beta-carotene is a potent antioxidant. The ultimate source of all vitamin A is from the carotenes, and beta-carotene has the highest vitamin A activity 2. Beta-carotene is particularly abundant in orange vegetables and fruit, and may be directly added to foods as a vitamin supplement 3.
  Carotenoids may either be absorbed through the intestines intact, or be cleaved to form vitamin A prior to absorption. There is no Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for beta-carotene or other provitamin A carotenoids. However, dietary provitamin A carotenoids have vitamin A activity that can be expressed as retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). The RDA for RAEs is 900 µg/day for men and 700 µg/day for women 1. Beta-carotene supplementation in humans is likely safe over long periods of time.

  Blakeslea trispora is a fungus that can be used as a source of carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, gamma-carotene and lycopene, for dietary supplements 4,5.

• Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) algae extract
  Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) is a type of edible brown algae that has been consumed for thousands of years, particularly in Asia 1. In Japanese and other Asian cultures, the ingestion of brown seaweed in the diet averages up to 3 g per day 1. It is used in condiments and soup bases or fresh in salads, rolls or stews for its nutritional content, flavor and texture. Undaria is also used in Chinese and Ayurvedic (Indian) traditional medicine 2. Undaria pinnatifida is rich in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides that contain large amounts of fucose and other monosaccharides, including galactose, mannose and glucose 3,4. In addition to being largely made up of soluble carbohydrates and edible protein, Undaria also contains lipids; vitamins A, C and E; B vitamins; calcium and magnesium; and some trace elements (such as iodine) 5,6.

  Undaria is partially digested in the human gut 7, and test tube studies have demonstrated that fibers from brown algae can be fermented by human fecal bacteria 8. The serum uptake of fucoidans has not been assessed to date. Undaria pinnatifida has been consumed as a food and traditional medicine in Asia for thousands of years, indicating a safe precedence for human consumption 1, 9.

Formulation

• Rice starch

  Rice starch is a polysaccharide obtained from rice, Oryza sativa.  Worldwide, natural starch is an important source of energy. Humans and other animals have enzymes that are able to digest starch into its glucose components, so it can be easily digested. Rice starch is an approved food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1.

• Immune System Benefits

  4 Grams/Day Advanced Ambrotose Powder

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  • Ambrotose powders can [support, improve, bolster, enhance, activate] [the/your] body’s immune response to vaccinations against bacterial infections*
  • May help keep your immune system strong year*
  • Safe and natural daily supplement for year-round immune system-support*
    • Take [Ambrotose complex powder/Advanced Ambrotose powder] regularly for year round immune system support, especially during the winter months when our immune systems are particularly challenged*
  • Daily intake of Ambrotose powders may help keep your immune system strong year-round^*
    • Take [Ambrotose complex powder/Advanced Ambrotose powder] regularly to help keep you healthy year-round*
  • Can enhance your body’s response to vaccinations*
    • Take [Ambrotose complex powder/Advanced Ambrotose powder] for about two months before your next vaccination to [bolster/improve/enhance] your immune system’s response*
    • Taking [Ambrotose complex powder/Advanced Ambrotose powder] regularly can [bolster/improve/enhance] your response to vaccinations*
  • [Stimulates/boosts/bolsters/enhances/activates] [your/the] immune system*
  • May [Support, improve, bolster, enhance/activate] [the/your] body’s ability to respond to pathogens*
  • [Supports, improves, bolsters, enhances, activates] [the/your] body’s ability to respond to bacterial vaccines*
  • Modulates and supports your body’s immune response*
  • Supports the innate immune response*
  • May improve the adaptive immune response*
  • Daily intake of Ambrotose powders can help keep your immune system strong year-round*
  • Taking Ambrotose powder daily can [stimulate/boost/bolster/enhance/activate] your immune system*
  • Advanced Ambrotose powder includes beta-carotene for immune system health*
  • Advanced Ambrotose powder includes beta-carotene and plant fibers for immune system health*
  • Intake of sufficient amounts of beta-carotene is important for immune system health
  • As modern diets may be low in beta-carotene, Advanced Ambrotose powder supplies that added boost to help ensure a healthy immune system*
  • May improve overall wellness*
  • Supports [the/your] body’s natural immune response*
  • Supports healthy immune function*
  • Supports a healthy immune response*
  • Supports a healthy immune system*
  •  Dietary polysaccharides in Ambrotose powders, including arabinogalactans, fucoidans and glucans, have been shown to have immunomodulatory activities in controlled studies with human subjects*
  •  Dietary polysaccharides in Ambrotose powders have been shown to elicit immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of human subjects*
  •  Rich in plant polysaccharides that may support a healthy immune system*
  •  In a clinical trial, intake of polysaccharides in Ambrotose powder was shown to support the body’s natural defenses to help people stay healthy*
  •  Includes plant fibers for immune system health*
  •  Studies suggest that dietary fiber supports a healthy immune system
  •  Supports [the/your] body’s natural immune response*
  •  Supports healthy immune function*
  •  Supports a healthy immune response*
  •  Supports a healthy immune system*
• Cognitive Benefits

  4 Grams/Day Advanced Ambrotose Powder

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  • In a small double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Ambrotose complex powder taken for 12 weeks significantly enhanced immediate recall and recognition memory in middle aged adults*
  • In a small double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Ambrotose complex powder taken for 12 weeks significantly improved mood and decreased irritability in middle aged adults*
  • In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Ambrotose powder significantly improved memory and mood*
  • In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Ambrotose powder significantly improved well-being*
  • In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Ambrotose powder significantly improved a positive outlook*
  • In double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, Ambrotose powder significantly improved memory*
  • In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial subjects who took Ambrotose complex powder reported improved sleep, and increased calmness, concentration and clear-headedness*
  • May enhance recall and recognition memory*
  • May improve mood and decrease irritability*
  • Improves mood*
  • [Enhances/improves/boosts/supports] memory*
  • [Enhances/improves/boosts/supports] brain function*
  • [Enhances/improves/boosts/supports] cognitive function*
  • Improves perceived psychological well-being*
  • Improves well-being*
  • Improves perceived quality of-life*
  • May improve quality-of-life*
  • Prevents mental stress*
  • Mitigates cognitive fatigue*
  • May improve visual discrimination*
  • Helps support cognitive function*
• Fiber

  4 Grams/Day Advanced Ambrotose Powder

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  • A blend of plant-sourced polysaccharides
  • A source of dietary fiber
  • A source of soluble fiber
  • Ambrotose products contain complex polysaccharides (including arabinogalactan)
  • Adds to your daily fiber intake
• Gastrointestinal/Prebiotic

  4 Grams/Day Advanced Ambrotose Powder

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  • Prebiotic dietary supplement
  • Supports the growth of good gut bacteria*
  • Helps promote gastrointestinal health*
  • Helps support proper digestive system function*
  • The complex polysaccharides in Ambrotose powders increase the number of beneficial bacterial in the gut*
  • Individual ingredients in Ambrotose powders demonstrate prebiotic effects. For example, arabinogalactan can be fermented by human colonic bacteria and enhance the growth of Lactobacillus species, includingLactobacillus plantarum*
  • Research indicates that the larch arabinogalactan in Ambrotose powders supports the proliferation ofLactobacillus plantarum, a beneficial bacteria found in the colon and lower GI tract*
  • The arabinogalactan in the Ambrotose powders may be broken down and utilized by specific bacteria found in the intestines, including Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum
  • Research indicates that the larch arabinogalactan in Ambrotose powders supports the proliferation of beneficial bacteria found in the colon*
  • Research indicates that the larch arabinogalactan in Ambrotose powders supports the proliferation ofLactobacillus plantarum*
  • Ambrotose powders have been found to have a bifidogenic and lactobacillogenic effect, increasing the number of these beneficial bacteria*
  • In a state-of-the art in vitro model, Advanced Ambrotose significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) in the colon*
  • Research using a state-of-the-art simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract showed that Ambrotose powders can increase the numbers of the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacteria, as well as species belonging to Bacteriodetes, a phylum recently associated with body weight management*
  • Ambrotose powders are effective prebiotic supplements, able to be [digested/fermented] by human colonic bacteria and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria*
  • In August 2007, Mannatech scientists published research in the International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics that showed naturally-occurring bacteria in the GI tract can digest Ambrotose ingredients into small fragments
  • GI tract bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, are important for GI health*
  • GI tract bacteria decrease the growth of pathogenic bacteria and increase production of short chain fatty acids in the gut, both of which are believed to be positive for GI health. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are bacteria known to be important for GI tract health*
  • Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of beneficial bacteria in the colon, thereby supporting host health*
  • Currently identified prebiotics are oligosaccharides, which exert prebiotic effects in the promixal colon but are unlikely to exert prebiotic effects throughout the colon
  • Advanced Ambrotose powder demonstrated prebiotic activity in vitro by increasing levels of beneficial bacteria and short chain fatty acids in the gut*
  • Advanced Ambrotose powder increases short chain fatty acids in the gut*
  • In a state-of-the-art simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract, Advanced Ambrotose powders was fermented by bacteria throughout the entire colon, indicating a great potential for providing health benefits*
  • Recent research indicates that Advanced Ambrotose powder exerts prebiotic effects throughout the entire colon providing support for beneficial bacteria*
  • In a state-of-the-art in vitro study, Advanced Ambrotose powder significantly increased the number ofBifidobacteria in the distal colon*
  • In a state-of-the-art in vitro study, Advanced Ambrotose increased the number of Lactobacilli in the ascending and transverse colon*
• About Glycosylation
  • Glycosylation is the enzymatic process that attaches sugars (glycans) to proteins, lipids, or other organic molecules. These attached sugars can be structural and/or functional. In their functional role, they serve as antennae, interacting with cellular receptors and thus affecting cellular processes
  • Sugars attached to proteins (glycoproteins) serve as signals in cellular communication, thus influencing processes involved in inflammation and immunological reactions*
  • Glycosylation is a key post-translational protein modification that can significantly affect the overall biophysical and biochemical functions of proteins
  • The function of glycoproteins is profoundly affected by their component sugars
  • Modifications of glycoproteins results in changes in their structure, with ensuing modulation of molecular and cellular signaling processes. Changes in signaling processes can result in changes in cellular interactions, including those involved in immunological and inflammatory processes*
  • Sialylation of glycoproteins affects their immunogenic properties, as well as absorption, half-life and clearance*
• About Prebiotics
  • GI tract bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, are important for GI health*
  • GI tract bacteria decrease the growth of pathogenic bacteria and increase production of short chain fatty acids in the gut, both of which are believed to be positive for GI health. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are bacteria known to be important for GI tract health*
  • Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of beneficial bacteria in the colon, thereby supporting host health*
  • Currently identified prebiotics are oligosaccharides, which exert prebiotic effects in the promixal colon but are unlikely to exert prebiotic effects throughout the colon

• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2015)

  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 73 healthy middle-aged adults, Dr. Talitha Best and colleagues from the University of South Australia and Swinburne University of Technology showed that, shortly after taking a single 4-gram serving of classic Ambrotose^® complex powder, subjects experienced significantly improved memory and performed significantly better on demanding cognitive tasks. The product had no effect on blood glucose levels.*

  Best T, Howe P, Bryan J, Buckley J, Scholey A (2015) Acute effects of a dietary non-starch polysaccharide supplement on cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged adults. Nutr Neurosci 18(2):76-86.

  • Read abstract

  This article can be accessed from PubMed.
• Multiple Product Open-Label Clinical Trial (2013)

  In a six-month, open-label human studyof 15 retired football players, intake of Mannatech products resulted in statistically significant improvements in numerous self-reported measures of physical and mental health, quality of life, memory, and elbow and knee pain reduction. Study participants took Mannatech’s Ambrotose^® complex powder, Omega–3 with Vitamin D3 capsules, Ambrotose AO^® capsules, PhytoMatrix^® caplets and PLUS^™ caplets. All of these products are gluten-free and NSF-certified. Authors include Mannatech scientists Drs. Robert A. Sinnott and Rolando L. Maddela, Dr. Sejong Bae of the University of North Texas Health Science Center and Dr. Talitha Best of the University of South Australia, Adelaide.

  Sinnott RA, Maddela RL, Bae S, Best T. (2013) The effect of dietary supplements on the quality of life of retired professional football players. Global J Health Sci 2(5):13-26.

  • Read abstract

  This article can also be accessed from PubMed.
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2012)

  Dr. Talitha Best (University of South Australia [UniSA] and Swinburne University of Technology), Associate Professor Eva Kemps (Flinders University) and Dr. Janet Bryan (UniSA) showed that, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving more than 100 healthy adults, individuals who consumed Ambrotose^® complex powder reported numerous health and well-being benefits following 12 weeks of intake, compared with subjects taking a placebo. Gastrointestinal effects were also among the perceived benefits reported by individuals who consumed Ambrotose complex powder.*

  Best T, Kemps E, Bryan J (2012) Perceived changes in well-being following polysaccharide intake in middle-aged adults. Applied Res Qual Life, 7(2):163-82.

  • Read abstract
• Ambrotose^® Powder Open-Label Clinical Trial (2011)

  In an open-label human dosing study, Dr. Azita Alavi, a Research Fellow at the Sir Joseph Hotung Centre for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s University of London, U.K. and colleagues showed that intake of Advanced Ambrotose^® powder resulted in a significant shift towards increased sialylation in the N-glycosylation profile of the serum of healthy adults. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which has shown that dietary changes can affect serum glycosylation profiles. Co–authors include St. George’s University researchers Professor John Axford, Dr. Edward Tarelli and Dr. Owen Fraser, and Professor Martin Bland, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK.

  Alavi A, Fraser O, Tarelli E, Bland M, Axford J. (2011) An open-label dosing study to evaluate the safety and effects of a dietary plant-derived polysaccharide supplement on the N-glycosylation status of serum glycoproteins in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr, 1-9.

  • Read publication

  This article can also be accessed from PubMed.
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2010)

  Dr. Talitha Best (Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia) showed, in a trial of 109 healthy middle-aged male and female adults, that Ambrotose^® complex powder (4 grams/day for 12 weeks) significantly improved memory and improved psychological well-being.*

  Best T, Kemps E, Bryan J (2010) Saccharide effects on cognition and well-being in middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Neuropsychology 35(1):66-80.

  • Read abstract
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2009)

  Drs. Atiya N. Stancil and Leslie H. Hicks, both of Howard University in Washington, D.C., published this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the impact of Ambrotose^® complex on the brain function of 62 healthy young adults. The study showed that a single, one-tablespoon serving of Ambrotose complex significantly improved visual discrimination and working memory.

  Stancil AN, Hicks LH (2009) Glyconutrients and perception, cognition, and memory. Perceptual Mot Skills 10:259-270.

  • Read abstract
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2008)

  Dr. Talitha Best (Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia) showed that, in a trial of 45 middle-aged male and female subjects, a single 7 gram serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder suggested potential enhancement effects of memory performance.* (Note: this serving is 1.75 times the recommended dose [4 grams/day] for this product).

  Best T (2008) An investigation of saccharide effects on memory performance. J Nutr, Health and Aging 12(9)657-662.

  • Read abstract.
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2004)

  Drs. Chenghua Wang (Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada), Joanne Szabo (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, ARK) and Roscoe Dykman (Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, ARK) showed, in a study of 20 healthy adults, that a one tablespoon serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder enhanced brainwave frequencies known to be associated with attention or alertness.*

  Wang C, Szabo JS, Dykman RA (2004) Effects of a carbohydrate supplement upon resting brain activity. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 39:126-138.

  • Read abstract
• Ambrotose^® Powder Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2002)

  Drs. Chenghua Wang and R.T. Pivik (University of Arkansas, Little Rock, ARK) showed, in a study of 20 healthy adults, that a one tablespoon serving of Ambrotose^® complex powder had a positive effect on brain waves associated with information processing.*

  Wang C, Pivik RT, Dykman RA (2002) Effects of a glyconutritional supplement on brain potentials associated with language processing. Federation Proceedings: Experimental Biology Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana. April 20-24

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• Ambrotose^® Powder Preclinical Study (2012)

  Mannatech sponsored this research, conducted by outside experts, which showed that intake of Advanced Ambrotose^®powder had positive effects in the brain on the expression of genes associated with the regulation of learning, memory and mood (1)*. These preliminary findings are compatible with multiple controlled human clinical studies which indicate that intake of Ambrotose products provides significant cognitive benefits to healthy adults.*

  Nelson EN, Ramberg JE, Sinnott RA. (2012) Brain-specific effects of Ambrotose® products: a preliminary animal study to investigate cognitive benefits found in humans. Poster Presentation at the 10th Jenner Glycobiology and Medicine Symposium, The Hague, the Netherlands, March 31-April 3.

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• Ambrotose^® Powder In Vitro Prebiotic Study (2013)

  Scientists at ProDigest in collaboration with the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) at Ghent University, in Belgium conducted this study, the first to apply 16sRNA genes-based pyrosequencing in a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) study. The pyrosequencing technique allowed the scientists to explore more deeply and confirm findings from a previous Ghent University study which showed that Advanced Ambrotose powder exhibited prebiotic effects along the entire colon.

  Marzorati M, Maignien L, Verhelst A et al. (2013) Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the microbial community in a simulator of the human gastrointestinal tract showed a colon region-specific microbiota modulation for two plant-derived polysaccharide blends. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 103(2):409-20.

  • Read abstract

  This article can also be accessed from PubMed.
• Ambrotose^® Powder In Vitro Prebiotic Study (2010)

  Drs. Massimo Marzorati and Sam Possemiers (University of Ghent and ProDigest, Ghent, Belgium) and their colleagues employed state‐of‐the‐art human gastrointestinal tract simulations and microbiological analyses to show that Ambrotose^® complex and Advanced Ambrotose^® powder exerted positive prebiotic effects.* Both products exhibited good selective fermentability throughout the entire colon and positive and selective bifidogenic effects. They also demonstrated the possibility of enhancing species belonging to Bacteroidetes, a phylum recently associated with body weight management.*

  Marzorati M, Verhelst A, Luta G et al. (2010) In vitro modulation of the human gastrointestinal microbial community by plant-derived polysaccharide-rich dietary supplements. Int J Food Microbiol 139(3):168-76.

  • Read abstract
• Ambrotose^® Powder In Vitro Prebiotic Study (2007)

  Dr. John Kalns and colleagues (Hyperion Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX) conducted an in vitro study demonstrating that human fecal bacteria can partially break down Advanced Ambrotose^® powder and two of its constituents (aloe vera gel polysaccharides and arabinogalactan). Bacteria identified that could best compete for these polysaccharides were Enterococcus species (a species that is a popular probiotic in some countries).

  Sinnott RA, Ramberg J, Kirchner JM, et al. (2007) Utilization of arabinogalactan, aloe vera gel polysaccharides, and a mixed saccharide dietary supplement by human colonic bacteria in vitro . Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2:97-104.

  • Read abstract

  This article can also be accessed from PubMed.